Bài 1:

a, Hiện tượng: Có khí mùi hắc thoát ra.

b, Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=100.24,5\%=24,5\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{24,5}{98}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Na_2SO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+SO_2+H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_3}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_3}=\dfrac{0,25.126}{200}.100\%=15,75\%\)

c, Theo PT: \(n_{SO_2}=n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ m _{dd sau pư} = 200 + 100 - 0,25.64 = 284 (g)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,25.142}{284}.100\%=12,5\%\)

Bài 2:

a, Hiện tượng: Xuất hiện kết tủa trắng.

PT: \(BaCl_2+MgSO_4\rightarrow MgCl_2+BaSO_{4\downarrow}\)

b, Ta có: \(m_{BaCl_2}=200.20,8\%=41,6\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{41,6}{208}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=n_{MgSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{ddMgSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.120}{12\%}=200\left(g\right)\)

c, Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 200 + 200 - 0,2.233 = 353,4 (g)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.95}{353,4}.100\%\approx5,38\%\)

a)

$K_2SO_4 + BaCl_2 \to BaSO_4 + 2KCl$

b)

$n_{K_2SO_4} = 0,2.2 = 0,4(mol)$
$n_{BaCl_2} = 0,3.1 = 0,3(mol)$

Ta thấy : 

$n_{K_2SO_4} : 1 > n_{BaCl_2} : 1$ nên $K_2SO_4$ dư

$n_{BaSO_4} = n_{BaCl_2} = 0,3(mol)$
$m_{BaSO_4} = 0,3.233 = 69,9(gam)$

c) $n_{K_2SO_4} = 0,4 - 0,3 = 0,1(mol)$

$V_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 0,2 + 0,3 = 0,5(lít)$

$C_{M_{K_2SO_4} } = \dfrac{0,1}{0,5} = 0,2M$
$C_{M_{KCl}} = \dfrac{0,6}{0,5} = 1,2M$

a/ \(BaCl_2\left(0,1\right)+Na_2SO_4\left(0,1\right)\rightarrow BaSO_4\left(0,1\right)+2NaCl\left(0,2\right)\)

b/ Ta có:

\(m_{BaCl_2}=100.20,8\%=20,8\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{20,8}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Na_2SO_4}=200.14,2\%=28,4\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{28,4}{142}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Dựa vào PTHH ta lập tỷ lệ:

\(\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}=0,1< \dfrac{n_{Na_2SO_4}}{1}=0,2\)

\(\Rightarrow\) BaCl₂ phản ứng hết Na₂SO₄ dư.

\(\Rightarrow n_{Na_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Na_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,1.142=14,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3\left(g\right)\\m_{NaCl}=0,2.58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Khối lượng dung dịch B là: \(100+200-23,3=276,7\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Na_2SO_4=\dfrac{14,2}{276,7}.100\%=5,13\%\\\%NaCl=\dfrac{11,7}{276,7}.100\%=4,23\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 1

n_BaCl2= 200 *2.6%= 5.2 (g) ; n_BaCl2= 5.2/208=0.025(mol)

n_H2SO4=49*10%=4.9(g) ; n_H2SO4=4.9/98=0.05(mol)

PTHH

..........................H₂SO₄ + BaCl₂ ➞ 2HCl + BaSO₄

Trước phản ứng:0.05 : 0.025...................................(mol)

Trong phản ứng:0.025 : 0.025......... : 0.025 : 0.05(mol)

Sau phản ứng : 0.025 : 0 ......... : 0.025 : 0.05 (mol)

a) m_BaSO4=0.025*233=5.825(g)

b) m_{dd sau phản ứng} = 49+200-5.825=243.175(g)

C% (H₂SO₄) = (0.025* 98)/243.175*100%=1.007%

C% (HCl) = (0.05*36.5)/243.175*100%=0.007%

Bài 2:

n_HCl= 73 *25%= 18.25 (g) ; n_HCl= 18.25/36.5=0.5(mol)

n_AgNO3=34*5%=1.7(g) ; n_AgNO3=1.7/170=0.01(mol)

PTHH

..........................HCl + AgNO₃ ➞ AgCl + 2HNO₃

Trước phản ứng:0.5 : 0.01......................................(mol)

Trong phản ứng:0.01 : 0.01.............. : 0.01 : 0.01(mol)

Sau phản ứng : 0.49: 0 ............... : 0.01 : 0.01(mol)

a) m_AgCl=0.01*143.5=1.435(g)

b) m_{dd sau phản ứng} = 73+34-1.435=105.565(g)

C% (HNO₃) = (0.01* 63)/105.565*100%=0.0059%

C% (HCl) = (0.49*36.5)/105.565*100%=16.94%

a, \(H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_{4\downarrow}+2HCl\)

b, Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=114.20\%=22,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,8}{96}=0,2375\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{BaCl_2}=400.5,2\%=20,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{20,8}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2375}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\), ta được H₂SO₄ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3\left(g\right)\)

c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,2375-0,1=0,1375\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 114 + 400 - 23,3 = 490,7 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1375.98}{490,7}.100\%\approx2,75\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{490,7}.100\%\approx1,49\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2HCl + CaCO₃ → CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O

Mol:      0,4                         0,2        0,2

b) \(C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5.100\%}{100}=14,6\%\)

c) \(m_{CaCl_2}=0,2.101=20,2\left(g\right)\)

a. PTHH: \(CuSO_4+2NaOH--->Na_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)

b. Đổi 100ml = 0,1 lít

Ta có: \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{9,8}{98}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{CuSO_4}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(m_{CuSO_4}=0,1.160=16\left(g\right)\)

c. Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2.n_{CuSO_4}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

=> \(C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,1}=2M\)

\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{150.16,64\%}{137+35.2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{100.14,7\%}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Phương trình hóa học : 

BaCl₂ + H₂SO₄ -----> BaSO₄ + 2HCl 

Dễ thấy \(\dfrac{n_{BaCl_2}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4\text{ dư }0,15-0,12=0,03\left(mol\right)\)

c) Khối lượng kết tủa : 

\(m_{BaSO_4}=0,12.233=27,96\) (g) 

Khối lượng chất tan : \(m_{HCl}=0,24.36,5=8,76\left(g\right)\) ; 

\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(\text{dư}\right)}=0,03.98=2,94\left(g\right)\) 

c) \(C\%_{H_2SO_4}\)= \(\dfrac{2,94}{150+100}.100\%=1,176\%\)

_{\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{8,76}{150+100}.100\%=3.504\%\)}

d) NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H₂O 

      0,24 <-- 0,24

       mol       mol

    2NaOH + H₂SO₄  ---> Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

  0,06 mol <-- 0,03 mol  

\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=0,24+0,06=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(V_{NaOH}=0,3.2=0,6\left(l\right)\)